PENGEMBANGAN COMMUNITY-BASED CO-SPONSORSHIP SCHEME (C2S2) DALAM MENDORONG INTEGRASI KOMUNITAS TUAN RUMAH DAN KOMUNITAS PENGUNGSI LUAR NEGERI DI KALIDERES JAKARTA BARAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31595/peksos.v22i2.1139Keywords:
Pengungsi Luar Negeri, Komunitas Tuan Rumah, Integrasi Komunitas, Sponsor KomunitasAbstract
Pengungsi seringkali kehilangan dukungan sosial dan ikatan komunitas yang mereka miliki sebelumnya di negara asal. Pengungsi harus membangun kembali jaringan sosial dan sistem pendukung di negara baru tempat mereka berada untuk mencapai kehidupan yang berarti. Lebih dari 12.000 pengungsi di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan integrasi komunitas yang sebenarnya merupakan solusi sementara atas masa transit yang berkepanjangan. Kebutuhan akan adanya teknologi khusus untuk membantu terjadinya integrasi antara dua komunitas yang berbeda menjadi penting untuk dapat menjawab tantangan penanganan krisis pengungsi di Indonesia. Community-based Co-Sponsorhsip Scheme (C2S2) dikembangkan untuk menjawab tantangan yang ada. C2S2 adalah skema sponsorship berbasis komunitas untuk mendorong integrasi dari dua sisi, yaitu komunitas pengungsi dan komunitas tuan rumah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR) dengan metode kualitatif. Informan terdiri dari representatif dari kedua komunitas dengan Kalideres sebagai lokus penelitian. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari mengidentifikasi kondisi desain awal, mengembangkan desain awal, implementasi desain, melakukan refleksi, dan penyempurnaan desain. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa desain awal C2S2 perlu untuk 1) menambahkan kelembagaan sebagai pihak yang bertanggungjawab; 2) mengganti istilah sponsor menjadi community;3) menambahkan dua cara memperoleh sponsor; dan 4) megubah bentuk layanan sponsorship menjadi beragam. Selanjutnya, implementasi desain dilakukan untuk melihat apakah C2S2 mampu mendorong integrasi antara komunitas tuan rumah dan komunitas pengungsi di Kalideres. Berdasarkan hasil implementasi desain, C2S2 mempengaruhi peningkatan integrasi antara kedua komunitas, baik secara sosial, fisiki, dan psikologis.Downloads
References
Ager, A. dan Strang, A. (2008). Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, Vol. 21, No. 2. Published by Oxford University Press.
Alrawadieh, Z., et al. (2022). The interface between hospitality and tourism enterpreneurship, integration, and well- being: A study of refugee enterpreneurs. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 6, No. 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.10301 3.
Amnesty International. ‘Welcoming Refugees Through Community Sponsorship’. (June 2022) available at https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we- do/refugees-asylum-seekers-and- migrants/welcoming-refugees-through- community-sponsorship/.
Aroche, J. G., Coello, M. J., & Momartin, S. (2012). Culture, family and social networks: Ethno-cultural influences on recovery, reconnection, and resettlement of refugee families. In U. A. Segal & D. Elliott (Eds.), Refugees worldwide, volume three: Mental health (pp. 197–234). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
Betts, A., et al. (2022). Refugees Welcome? Inter-group interaction and host community attitude formation. World Development, Vol. 8, No. 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.1 06088.
Brajsa-Zganec, et al. (2011). Quality of Life and Leisure Activities: How do Leisure Activities Contribute to Subjective Well- Being? Vol. 102, No. 81-91. DOI 10.1007/s11205-010-9724-2.
Cai, Z. dan Lu, M. (2018). Social Integration Measurement of Inhabitants in Historic Blocks: The Case of Harbin, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2825; doi:10.3390/su10082825.
Cerna, Lucie. (2019). Refugee Education: Integration Models and Practices in OECD Countries. OECD Education Working
Paper No. 203
www.oecd.org/edu/workingpapersz.
Council of European Union (2014). “Linguistic integration of migrants” Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/linguistic/migra nts_home_EN.asp.
Crisp, J. (2004). The Local Integration and Local Settlement of Refugees: A Conceptual and Historical Analysis. Working Paper (104).
De Berry, J.P. & Roberts, A.J. (2018). Social cohesion and forced displacement: A desk review to inform programming and project design. Washington DC: The World Bank.
European Commission, ‘Study on the feasibility and added value of sponsorship schemes as a possible pathway to safe channels for admission to the EU, including resettlement’ (2018) 37; European Resettlement Network, Private Sponsorship Feasibility Study - Towards a Private Sponsorship Model in France (2018) 6.
Esser, H., Soziologie. (2000). Spezielle Grundlagen. Band 2: Die Konstruktion der Gesellschaft, Campus, Frankfurt-New York.
Garces, B. M. and Penninx, R. (2016) ‘Introduction: Integration as a Three-Way Process Approach?, in B. M. Garces and
R. Penninx (eds.) Integration Processes and Policies in Europe: Contexts, Levels and Actors, IMISCOE Research Series, UK: Springer.
Hynie, Michaela. (2018). Refugee Integration: Research and Policy. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, Vol. 24, No. 3, 265–276.
Ibrahim, K. (2021). Social Work Roles with Refugees. Social Work Department College Umm Alqura University.
Ives, N. (2007). More than a “good back”: Looking for integration in refugee resettlement. Refuge: Canada’s Periodical on Refugees, 24, 54 – 62.
Lacroix, Chantal (2010). Immigrants, literature and national integration. Palgrave MacMillan.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Anggita Suwandani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Author(s) who published in this journal agree to following terms:
- Author(s) must understand and agree that the copyright script in published owned by the Peksos: Jurnal Ilmiah Pekerjaan Sosial. The copyright includes reproducing and selling the manuscript to all parties.
- Everyone can cite every manuscript published in Peksos: Jurnal Ilmiah Pekerjaan Sosial for educational purposes, with the author's name and the Peksos: Jurnal Ilmiah Pekerjaan Sosial on reference.
